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The Pyramid Texts
Translation by Samuel A. B. Mercer
The Pyramid Texts
The Pyramid Texts were funerary inscriptions that were written on the walls of the early Ancient Egyptian pyramids at Sakkara. These date back to the fifth and sixth dynasties, approximately the years 2350-2175 B.C.E. However, because of extensive internal evidence, it is believed that they were composed much earlier, circa 3000 B.C.E. The Pyramid Texts are, therefore, essentially the oldest sacred texts known.
Samuel Mercer was the first to produce a complete English translation of this mysterious text, in 1952. This was also the first complete translation in any language. The Mercer translation was followed by the R.O. Faulkner translation in 1969, which is considered the standard today.
Table Of Contents
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Preface |
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Introduction |
| |
The Pyramid Texts |
| 1 |
Nut and the Deceased King (1-11) |
| |
Utterances (1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11) |
| 2 |
Ritual of Bodily Restoration of the Deceased, and Offerings (12-203) |
| 3 |
A Group of Prayers And Charms (204-212) |
| 4 |
A Series of Old Heliopolitan Texts Partly Osirianized (213-222) |
| 5 |
The Deceased King Receives Offerings and is Re-Established in His Functions and Possessions (223-225) |
| 6 |
Mostly Serpent Charms (226-243) |
| 7 |
The Deceased King Arrives in Heaven Where He is Established (244-259) |
| 8 |
The Deceased King Triumphs Over His Enemies and is Recognized by the Gods (260-262) |
| 9 |
Means Whereby the Deceased King Reaches Heaven (263-271) |
| 10 |
The Deceased King in Heaven (272-274) |
| 11 |
Charms (275-299) |
| 12 |
The Ferryman and the Deceased King's Ascension (300-311) |
| 13 |
A Series of Five Charms (312-316) |
| 14 |
Miscellaneous Utterances on the Career of the Deceased King in the Hereafter (317-337) |
| 15 |
Offerings for the Deceased King (338-349) |
| 16 |
Miscellaneous Utterances on the Hereafter (350-374) |
| 17 |
Conjurations and Charms (375-400) |
| 18 |
Utterances Concerning Well-Being, Especially Food and Clothes (401-426) |
| 19 |
In Praise of Nut, Utterances (427-435) |
| 20 |
Miscellaneous Texts--Some Largely Osirian (436-442) |
| 21 |
Second Series in Praise of Nut (443-452) |
| 22 |
A Miscellaneous Group (453-486) |
| 23 |
A Series of Food Texts (487-502) |
| 24 |
A Series of Reed-Floats and Ferryman Texts (503-522) |
| 25 |
Miscellaneous Texts Chiefly About the Deceased King's Reception and Life in Heaven (523-533) |
| 26 |
For The Protection of the Pyramid Enclosure Against Osiris and His Cycle (534) |
| 27 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (535-538) |
| 28 |
A Litany of Ascension (539) |
| 29 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (540-552) |
| 30 |
Resurrection, Meal, and Ascension of the Deceased King (553) |
| 31 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (554-562) |
| 32 |
A Purification Litany (563) |
| 33 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (564-569) |
| 34 |
New-Birth of the Deceased King as a God in Heaven (570) |
| 35 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (571-575) |
| 36 |
The Resurrection and Ascension of the Deceased King (576) |
| 37 |
The Resurrection of Osiris with whom the Gods are Satisfied (577) |
| 38 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (578-586) |
| 39 |
An Early Hymn to the Sun (587) |
| 40 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (588-600) |
| 41 |
A Litany-Like Incantation for the Endurance of a Pyramid and Temple (601) |
| 42 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (602-605) |
| 43 |
The Resurrection, Ascension, and Reception of the Deceased King in Heaven (606) |
| 44 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (607-609) |
| 45 |
The Deceased King on Earth and in Heaven (610) |
| 46 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (611-626) |
| 47 |
The Ascended King, His Works, and Identifications (627) |
| 48 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (628-658) |
| 49 |
The Death of the King and His Arrival in Heaven (659) |
| 50 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (660-669) |
| 51 |
The Death, Resurrection, and Spiritualization of the King (670) |
| 52 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (671-675) |
| 53 |
Resurrection, Transfiguration, and Life of the King in Heaven (676) |
| 54 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (677-683) |
| 55 |
The Deceased King Ascends to Heaven (684) |
| 56 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (685-689) |
| 57 |
A Series of Addresses to the Deceased King as a God (690) |
| 58 |
Texts of Miscellaneous Contents (691-704) |
| 59 |
A Series of Unclassifiable Fragments (705-714) |
Utterance 1.
1a. To say by Nut, the brilliant, the great: This is (my) son, (my) first born, N., opener of (my) womb;
1b. this is (my) beloved, with whom I have been satisfied.
Utterance 2.
1c. To say by Geb: This is (my) son, N., of (my) body -----
1d. --------
Utterance 3.
2a. To say by Nut, the great, who is within the lower mansion: This is (my) son, N., (my) beloved,
2b. (my) eldest (son), (who is) upon the throne of Geb, with whom he has been satisfied,
2c. to whom he gave his inheritance in the presence of the Great Ennead.
3a. All the gods are in exultation; they say: "How beautiful is N., with whom his father Geb is satisfied!
Utterance 4.
3b. To say by Nut: N., I have given to thee thy sister Isis,
3c. that she may take hold of thee, that she may give thy heart to thee which belongs to thy body.
Utterance 5.
3d. To say by Nut: N., I have given to thee thy sister Nephthys,
3e. that she may take hold of thee, that she may give thy heart to thee which belongs to thy body.
Utterance 6.
4a. To say by Nut-Nekhbet, the great: This is (my) beloved, N., (my) son;
4b. I have given the horizons to him, that he may be powerful over them like Harachte.
4c. All the gods say: "It is a truth that thy beloved among thy children is N.,
4d. to whom one will do service of courtier for ever."
Utterance 7.
5a. To say by Nut, the great, (who is) within the encircled mansion: This is (my) son N., of (my) heart.
5b. I have given to him the Dȝ.t, that he may be chief therein, like Horus, chief of the Dȝ.t.
5c. All the gods say (to Nut):
5d. "Thy father Shu knows that thou lovest N. more than thy mother Tefnut."
Utterance 8.
6. He lives, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, beloved of Re‘, living for ever.
Utterance 9.
7a. Horus [lives], beloved of the two lands, N., king of Upper and Lower Egypt, N., of the two goddesses beloved bodily, N., lords of Ombos, N.
7b. Heir of Geb, whom he loves, N., beloved of all the gods, N., given life, endurance, joy, health, all happiness, like Re‘.
Utterance 10.
8a. Horus lives, living apparition of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, N.,
8b. (of the land of) the two goddesses, living apparition, N.,
8c. (of the land of) the two lords (of Ombos), N.,
8d. Osiris, lord of the Dȝ.t N.,
8e. the beloved son of Geb, N.,
8f. son of Nut, opener of her body (womb), N.,
8g. endowed with life, endurance, joy, health, like Re‘, eternally.
Utterance 11.
8h. To say by Nut: I unite thy beauty with this body (and with) this ba, for life, endurance, joy, health
8i. of Horus, divine apparition, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, N. (of the land of) the two goddesses, divine apparition, N.,
8j. powerful lord (of Ombos), N., living eter[nally].
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